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Turning the modes of production of inside out: or, why capitalism is a transformation of slavery
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Keywords

Capitalism
Feudalism
Slavery
Wage labor
World-systems analysis

How to Cite

GRAEBER , David. Turning the modes of production of inside out: or, why capitalism is a transformation of slavery. Crítica Marxista, Campinas, SP, v. 31, n. 57, p. 9–36, 2024. DOI: 10.53000/cma.v31i57.19904. Disponível em: https://econtents.sbu.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/cma/article/view/19904. Acesso em: 14 oct. 2025.

Abstract

Marxist theory has by now largely abandoned the (seriously flawed) notion of the “mode of production”, but doing so has only encouraged a trend to abandon much of what was radical about it and naturalize capitalist categories. This article argues a better conceived notion of a mode of production – one that recognizes the primacy of human production, and hence a more sophisticated notion of materialism – might still have something to show us: notably, that capitalism, or at least industrial capitalism, has far more in common with, and is historically more closely linked with, chattel slavery than most of us had ever imagined.

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