PATRIMOINE ET COLLECTIONS DE MÉMOIRE:ÉDUQUER À LA PRÉSERVATION CONSCIENTEDU CONSTRUIT ARCHÉOLOGIQUE VÉSUVIEN.
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.20888/bwydf547Mots-clés :
Conservação patrimonial; Educação cidadã; Pompeia.Résumé
Cet article traite de la préservation consciente du patrimoine archéologique vésuvien en tant que mémoire collective. Nous nous concentrons sur le cas du Parc Archéologique de Pompéi (Campanie-Italie), qui a inauguré cette année 2025 le Pompeii Children's Museum, première expérience de muséalisation destinée au jeune public dans une zone archéologique en Italie. Cette approche éducative propose des ateliers et des activités créatives aux classes d'écoles italiennes et étrangères dans une perspective de parco diffuso, à partir du concept de Fredi Drugman (1982) de museo diffuso, une initiative qui s'intègre aux autres sites du Grand Pompéi (Boscoreale, Oplontis et Stabiae). En effet, les villes en ruines vésuviennes, doivent être comprises à travers des expériences et des vécus, en tant que collections ouvertes, parties intégrantes de l'histoire de l'humanité, en constante conservation et transformation, lieux d'éducation patrimoniale et de promotion de la citoyenneté mondiale. La méthode utilisée dans cette recherche fait appel aux neurosciences, à la psychologie cognitive et à la phénoménologie, afin de proposer des outils éducatifs efficaces pour l'apprentissage des enfants. Cette approche se justifie par le fait que, dans la société contemporaine, les frontières entre les phénomènes tendent à disparaître, laissant progressivement place à des pratiques fluides et à des formes d'authenticité hybride et relative, qui unissent le passé et le présent, l'éducation et le divertissement, la culture et le marché, l'histoire et la citoyenneté. Ce scénario modifie profondément la conception même de la valeur du construit archéologique, raison pour laquelle le modèle théorique proposé vise à encourager l'intégration sociale par la promotion de l'éducation transgénérationnelle.
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