Palabras clave
Fotoionización
Espectroscopia de fotoelectrones
Espectroscopia de electrones Auger
Espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de umbral (TPES)
PEPICO
TPEPICO
PEPECO
TOF-PEPECO
Radiación sincrotrón
Métricas
Cómo citar
Resumen
La determinación rigurosa de las energías de ionización es fundamental para la comprensión de las propiedades electrónicas y estructurales de átomos y moléculas. El presente texto corresponde a una revisión que compara las principales técnicas espectroscópicas experimentales empleadas en dicha determinación, destacando sus principios, requisitos instrumentales, aplicaciones y limitaciones. Inicialmente, se discuten las espectroscopias de fotoelectrones en la región del ultravioleta (UPS) y de rayos X (XPS), utilizadas en la obtención de energías de ionización simples. A continuación, se presenta la espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de umbral (TPES), que ofrece alta resolución y gran versatilidad en la variación de la energía de los fotones. También se describen las técnicas de coincidencia PEPICO, TPEPICO, PEPECO y TOF-PEPECO, capaces de correlacionar la detección de fotoelectrones y fotoiones, lo que permite la investigación detallada de los procesos de fragmentación y de ionización múltiple. Estos enfoques proporcionan información complementaria sobre los estados electrónicos finales y los mecanismos de disociación, ampliando la comprensión de la dinámica de ionización en sistemas gaseosos y moleculares complejos. Se concluye que la elección de la técnica más adecuada depende de la naturaleza del sistema estudiado, de las condiciones experimentales disponibles y del tipo de información espectroscópica que se busca.
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