Palavras-chave
Epistemologia
Programas científicos de pesquisa
Ciência
Imre Lakatos
Métricas
Como Citar
Resumo
Este paper examina a reivindicação do estatuto científico do marxismo. A primeira parte considera modelos possíveis de ciência e argumenta que o mais coerente, entre eles, é a metodologia dos programas científicos de pesquisa de Imre Lakatos. Segundo essa concepção, o conhecimento científico cresce baseado em um núcleo duro de postulados que são protegidos de refutação pelo desenvolvimento de séries de teorias auxiliares. Tal tipo de programa de pesquisa é progressivo, ao invés de degenerativo, se suas teorias sucessivas forem consistentes com o núcleo, explicarem anomalias e fizerem predições, de modo que algumas delas se confirmem. Na segunda parte, eu argumento que, com algumas qualificações, a história do marxismo – de Marx e Engels, passando pelo Marxismo Alemão, pelo Marxismo Russo e, finalmente, chegando ao Marxismo Ocidental – conforma-se com o modelo de um programa de pesquisa progressivo. Na terceira parte, eu defendo que desvios do modelo, como o Marxismo Soviético, devem-se à ruptura da interação recíproca entre a heurística marxista e seus desafios históricos.
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