Mots-clés
Migration internationale
Conditions de vie
Métricas
Comment citer
Résumé
L'objectif de cet article est d'établir des interconnexions entre l'informalité du travail au Brésil et le contexte migratoire intrarégional en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes (ALC), en les caractérisant et en situant ce débat sur la base de ses dimensions économiques et sociales. Dans la section 1, nous décrivons certains aspects clés de l'informalité et de l'immigration. Dans la section 2, nous soulignons les principales caractéristiques qui contribuent à la configuration actuelle du marché du travail brésilien et régional : a) au début du XXIe siècle, on a assisté à un mouvement vers la formalisation du travail dans la LAC et au Brésil, l'immigration intrarégionale étant principalement motivée par des opportunités ; b) à partir du milieu des années 2010, il y a eu un ralentissement socio-économique, qui a entraîné une augmentation significative de l'informalité du travail, avec pour conséquence une immigration par nécessité. Dans la section 3, nous discutons de manière critique les interconnexions actuelles entre l'informalité du travail et l'immigration intrarégionale. Nous concluons que, face aux opportunités potentielles et aux obstacles existants pour l'amélioration des conditions de travail et de vie en ALC, il est nécessaire de créer davantage de synergies entre les pays, de rejeter les pratiques néolibérales, de renforcer les politiques publiques visant à l'insertion professionnelle et à la protection sociale des immigrants, ainsi que d'accroître le pouvoir social et politique de la population. Dans ce processus, le rôle de la citoyenneté dans la transition vers une économie et une société plus égalitaires est décisif.
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