Abstract
The paper discusses how historical archaeology, capitalism and globalization are at the heart of the discipline. Historical archaeology is taken as more than the study of the material culture due to globalization. As a study-case, the archaeology of repression and resistance is introduced in historical context of the Cold War. In Brazil, archaeology suffered directly, with humanists being persecuted while archaeologists supporting the regime controlled the practice. This explains the late development of the study in Brazil, but since the early 21st c. it has produced not only archaeological evidences, but also innovative approaches and interpretations, opening for a different future.
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